Books & Authorship
Discover who wrote the books of the Bible, when they were written, and how
each fits into the larger story of Scripture.
Explore Books & Authorship
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Discover who wrote the books of the Bible, when they were written, and how
each fits into the larger story of Scripture.
When was 3 John written? Learn why scholars date this brief letter to around 85–95 CE and how its timing sheds light on leadership, hospitality, and authority in the early church.
When was 2 John written? Explore why scholars date this short Johannine letter to around 85–95 CE and how its timing shaped its warnings about truth, love, and false teachers.
When was 1 John written? Discover why scholars date the letter to around 85–95 CE and how its timing shaped its focus on truth, love, and faithful belief in Jesus Christ.
When was 2 Peter written? Learn why many scholars date the letter to around 80–90 CE and how its timing addresses false teaching, delayed hope, and apostolic authority.
When was 1 Peter written? Explore why scholars date the letter to around 62–64 CE and how its timing shapes its message of hope, holiness, and endurance amid suffering.
When was James written? Learn why many scholars date the Letter of James to around 45–50 CE and how its early timing shapes its emphasis on lived faith and ethical action.
When was Hebrews written? Explore why most scholars date Hebrews to around 60–70 CE and how its timing before the temple’s destruction shapes its theology of sacrifice and priesthood.
When was Philemon written? Discover why scholars date Paul’s shortest letter to around 60–62 CE during his Roman imprisonment and how its timing shapes its message of reconciliation.
When was Titus written? Explore why scholars date Paul’s letter to the mid-60s CE and how its timing shaped early Christian leadership, ethics, and church order.
When was 2 Timothy written? Learn why scholars date Paul’s final letter to around 64–67 CE and how its timing shapes its themes of endurance, faithfulness, and legacy.
When was 1 Timothy written? Explore why scholars date the letter to the mid-60s CE and how its timing shaped Paul’s guidance on church leadership and long-term faithfulness.
When was 2 Thessalonians written? Learn why scholars date Paul’s follow-up letter to around 50–52 CE and how it addressed early Christian confusion about the timing of the Lord’s return.
When was 1 Thessalonians written? Discover why scholars date Paul’s earliest letter to around 49–51 CE in Corinth and how its timing shaped early Christian hope and perseverance.
When was Colossians written? Learn why scholars date Paul’s letter to around 60–62 CE during his imprisonment and how its timing shaped its powerful vision of Christ’s supremacy.
When was Philippians written? Discover why scholars date Paul’s joyful prison letter to around 60–62 CE and how its historical setting shaped its message of faith and endurance.
When was Ephesians written? Learn why scholars date the letter to around 60–62 CE during Paul’s imprisonment and how its timing shaped its vision of church unity and life in Christ.
When was Galatians written? Explore why scholars date Paul’s letter to around 48–49 CE and how its early timing shaped Christian theology on grace, law, and freedom.
When was 2 Corinthians written? Explore why scholars date Paul’s emotional letter to around 55–56 CE in Macedonia and how its timing explains themes of suffering and reconciliation.
When was 1 Corinthians written? Learn why scholars date Paul’s letter to around 53–55 CE during his stay in Ephesus and how its timing shaped the church at Corinth.
When was the Book of Romans written? Discover why scholars date Romans to around 56–58 CE during Paul’s time in Corinth and how its historical setting shaped Paul’s theology.
When was the Book of Acts written? Learn why scholars date Acts to around 80–90 CE and how its post-temple context shaped its portrayal of the early church’s growth.
When was the Gospel of John written? Explore why scholars date John to around 90–100 CE and how its post-temple setting shaped its distinctive theology and portrayal of Jesus.
When was the Gospel of Luke written? Learn why scholars date Luke to around 80–90 CE and how its post-temple context shaped its historical and theological vision.
When was the Gospel of Mark written? Discover why scholars date Mark to around 65–70 CE and how war, persecution, and the fall of the temple shaped its urgent message.
When was the Gospel of Matthew written? Explore why scholars date Matthew to around 80–90 CE and how the fall of the Jerusalem temple shaped its theology and structure.
When was the Book of Malachi written? Learn why scholars date it to the mid-fifth century BCE and how its postexilic setting explains its warnings against spiritual apathy.
When was the Book of Zechariah written? Explore its early Persian-period origins (520–518 BCE) and the later composition of chapters 9–14, explaining its shifting visions and themes.
When was the Book of Haggai written? Discover why scholars date Haggai precisely to 520 BCE and how its postexilic setting shaped the call to rebuild the temple.
When was the Book of Zephaniah written? Learn why scholars date it to the early reign of King Josiah (c. 640–622 BCE) and how that moment shapes its message.
When was Jude written? Explore why scholars date the Letter of Jude to around 65–80 CE and how its timing shaped its urgent call to defend the faith against false teaching.